Birth Control Series: Birth Control Pills
Let’s Talk About Birth Control Pills
Birth control pills are a popular and effective way to prevent pregnancy and treat many symptoms. Maybe you’re already taking them, know someone who does, or are considering them yourself. Whatever the case, understanding how they work, their benefits, side effects, and how to access them can help you make an informed choice.
What are Birth Control Pills and How do They Work?
You might already know that birth control pills are taken daily, but did you know there are actually two types? There are combined oral contraceptives, or COCs, which contain both estrogen and progestin; and then there are progestin-only pills, or POPs (sometimes called mini-pill), which, as the name suggests, only contain progestin. Both types of pills prevent ovulation and make it difficult for sperm to swim to an egg by thickening the mucus on the cervix. The estrogen is used to help with monthly bleeding patterns. COCs are the most common type of birth control pills prescribed in the USA, as many users desire to have lighter, predictable bleeding.
While they both prevent pregnancy and are taken every day, COCs and POPs are a little different. COCs typically include a series of placebo (non-hormonal) pills each month or pills that contain iron, during which you’ll have bleeding similar to a light period. POPs, on the other hand, deliver the same amount of progestin every day, with no placebo pills and bleeding may be unpredictable with spotting. For POPs, it’s especially important to take them at the exact same time every day to make sure they work effectively.
When it comes to deciding which type is right for you, it often depends on your health and lifestyle. For example, due to the estrogen, COCs aren’t recommended if you smoke and are over 35, have a history of blood clots, or experience migraines with aura. In these cases, POPs or another type of birth control, might be a better fit. Sharing your medical history, medications, and preferences with your healthcare provider can help you decide which option may be best for you
How effective is this method in preventing pregnancy?
Birth control pills are very effective, but they’re not perfect. Around 7 to 9 out of 100 people who use them may still get pregnant each year. This often happens because pills are missed, taken late, or their effectiveness is affected by things like vomiting, diarrhea, or certain medications.
If you ever miss a pill or are sick with diarrhea or vomiting, it’s a good idea to use a condom as a backup method. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider if you have questions, they can give you advice tailored to your situation.
It’s important to know that birth control pills don’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms can help with that, and if you’re concerned about STI/HIV, consider talking to your provider about PEP/ PrEP.
What are the benefits of using birth control pills?
Birth control pills do more than just prevent pregnancy—they come with some great additional benefits. For many people, they can help clear up acne, make periods lighter and more regular, and even ease painful cramps. On top of that, birth control pills can lower your risk of ovarian and uterine cancers. If you’re using combined oral contraceptives, you might also notice relief from symptoms of PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which can make a big difference in how you feel overall.
What are the side effects?
Some people do experience side effects with birth control pills, but they usually subside or go away after 1-3 months of use. With combined oral contraceptives (COCs), side effects might include headaches, nausea, mood changes, spotting, or even changes in sex drive. Progestin-only pills (POPs) can sometimes cause acne, breast tenderness, headaches, nausea, irregular bleeding, and spotting. If any of these side effects are worrying you or making you uncomfortable, reaching out to your healthcare provider for more information and advice is a great idea.
Are Birth Control Pills Right for You?
Birth control pills are a reliable and convenient option with plenty of benefits, but they aren’t the right fit for everyone. To find the method that works best for you, try our free birth control quiz or check out the ICAN! Birth Control Options page for more guidance.
How do I get Birth Control Pills?
Great news—there’s now a progestin-only pill called Opill that you can get at certain pharmacies without a prescription, and it’s even covered by Illinois Medicaid.
Most birth control pills do still require a prescription, but that’s something you can easily discuss with your healthcare provider. If you’re concerned about insurance or costs, there are options to get birth control pills for free in Illinois. You can check here to see if you qualify for the HFS Family Planning Program, which covers all FDA-approved birth control methods, including pills.
ICAN! also works with community health centers across Illinois to make sure you can access the birth control method that works best for you, regardless of your ability to pay. You can use our Provider Finder to find a health center near you and start exploring your options!
